Top 5 risks horses face: common illnesses & injuries

5 June 2026

Horses are incredibly strong, intelligent, and athletic animals. However, they are also surprisingly vulnerable to a range of health issues that can arise suddenly or develop over time. Whether you are a competitive rider, a breeder, or a weekend hacker, understanding these risks is a vital part of responsible horse ownership.

Recognising the early signs of illness or injury can drastically reduce complications and support your horse’s long-term wellbeing. It also helps you prepare for the financial realities of veterinary care.

In this guide, we explore the five biggest health risks horses face today. Based on veterinary research and our real-world insurance claims data, this list will help you protect your equine companion and keep them feeling their best.

 

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1. Colic and gastrointestinal disorders

Average vet costs: $2,078; up to $4,775

Colic stays one of the most frequent and potentially serious equine health issues. It refers to abdominal pain caused by a variety of problems, such as sudden feed changes, dehydration, gas buildup, impaction, or heavy parasite burdens. Dental problems can also lead to blockages and colic.

How to reduce the risk

  • Maintain consistent feeding routines.
  • Provide high-quality forage and clean water.
  • Keep up with dental care and introduce dietary changes gradually.

 

Veterinarian examining horse leg tendons. Selective focus on hoof.

 

2. Lameness, laminitis, and limb injuries

Average vet costs: $1,760; up to $4,487

Leg and hoof problems are among the top reasons for vet visits. Laminitis, tendon strains, ligament tears, and arthritis are common issues. Laminitis, caused by metabolic problems or rich grass, is particularly painful and requires careful pasture management.

How to reduce the risk

  • Schedule regular farrier visits.
  • Warm up and cool down during exercise.
  • Monitor for subtle changes in movement or heat in hooves.

 

3. Trauma and accidental injuries

Average vet costs: Varies widely, depending on severity

Horses are flight animals, which makes them prone to accidents. Spooking, slipping, or getting caught in fencing are common causes of injury. Kicks and falls can result in deep lacerations, punctures, or even fractures.

How to reduce the risk

  • Inspect paddocks for hazards like broken rails or toxic plants.
  • Repair damaged fencing and ensure tack fits properly.
  • Supervise herd turnout, especially with new horses.

 

Woman applying bandage to South German draft horse muzzle during veterinary care.

 

4. Respiratory and infectious diseases

Average vet cost: $2,666

Horses are highly sensitive to dust, mould, and allergens. Conditions like equine asthma and infections such as Strangles or Equine Herpesvirus are common risks. Ignoring respiratory issues can lead to chronic damage.

How to reduce the risk

  • Keep stables ventilated and clean.
  • Use low-dust bedding and soak hay to reduce irritants.
  • Follow strict vaccination and biosecurity protocols.

 

A black horse stands for an infrared therapy session aimed at relieving back pain, with red lamps providing targeted heat treatment.

 

5. Gastric ulcers, back problems, and poor saddle fit

Average vet cost: $1,000+ for diagnostics and treatment

Stress, inconsistent feeding, and poor saddle fit often lead to ulcers or back pain. These issues can cause behavioural changes, weight loss, and performance drops.

How to reduce the risk

  • Schedule regular saddle-fitting assessments.
  • Provide forage throughout the day to buffer stomach acids.
  • Watch for subtle signs of discomfort like pinned ears or reluctance to work.

 

Top 5 Horse medical claims

Top 5 Horse medical claims Average vet costs
1. Colic and gastrointestinal disorders $2,078.20 (average); up to $4,775.98
2. Lameness, laminitis, and limb injuries $1,760.50 (average); up to $4,487.89
3. Trauma and accidental injuries Varies widely, depending on severity
4. Respiratory and infectious diseases $2,666.85 (average claim example)
5. Gastric ulcers, back problems, and poor saddle fit Typically, $1,000+ for diagnostics and treatment

 

How Petcover claims reflect these risks

Our data shows the financial impact of health issues on horse owners. Three main categories top recent claims:

  • Lameness: 54% of claims, averaging $1,851.59 and the highest claim $11,484.49
  • Gastro: 11.2% of claims, averaging $1,424.04 and highest claim $16,698.16
  • Sarcoids: 3.3% of claims, averaging $1,026.89 and highest claims $3.344.18

 

What this means for horse owners

Veterinary costs can quickly add up. Preventive care, from improving pasture safety to ensuring proper tack fit, is essential for keeping your horse healthy.

Even with the best care, accidents and illnesses happen. Robust equine insurance from Petcover helps you make the best decisions for your horse’s health without the worry of unexpected financial strain.

 

 

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